Judgment No. HB 14/2002
Case No. HC 405/2002
ZIMBABWE AFRICAN PEOPLE’S UNION
versus
PAUL SIWELA
HIGH COURT OF ZIMBABWE
KAMOCHA J
BULAWAYO 13, 14, AND 22 FEBRUARY 2002
Miss Ncube for the applicant
T. Cherry for the respondent
Urgent Chamber Application
KAMOCHA J: This application was brought as an ex parte urgent
chamber application but I directed that it should be served on all interested parties
who were ordered to appear before me and argue the matter the following day. On the
appointed date the respondent failed to appear although proper service was effected.
One copy of the application was served on the respondent’s reception at his office.
Another copy was served on his wife at his home.
Because the respondent failed to appear, a provisional order whose interim
relief was in the following terms, was granted.
“(i) Respondent is hereby, with immediate effect, prohibited from filing his nomination papers for President as representing ZAPU and from using its logo or symbol of a black bull.
(ii) The Registrar General, Tobaiwa Mudede, or his representative is hereby authorised not to accept respondent’s papers if filed using the ZAPU name and logo.
(iii)Respondent is hereby prohibited from representing and speaking on behalf of the applicant either to the local or foreign journalists.”
The applicant is the Zimbabwe African People’s Union hereinafter called
ZAPU. It is a duly registered political party and body corporate with the capacity to
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sue and be sued. The party allegedly authorised, Mr Agrippa Hlangabeza Sheleni
Madlela who claimed to be still its president, to depose to an affidavit. Madlela stated
that Paul Siwela - “Siwela” the former secretary-general of ZAPU was expelled by an
emergency meeting of the People’s congress of ZAPU at its meeting of 22 December
2001. It was alleged that Siwela’s behaviour warranted immediate expulsion
because:-
(a) He was alleged to have acted and continued to act in a manner which would bring the name of ZAPU into disrepute. He made press statements which were at variance with ZAPU’s policies.
(b) He had allegedly flouted constitutional rulings of ZAPU, in that ZAPU had resolved, at an emergency people’s congress, not to field a candidate for the forthcoming Presidential Elections, but Siwela had announced in the press that he had intended to stand as a candidate for ZAPU.
(c) He was finally alleged to have disrupted a duly convened constitutional meeting of ZAPU by using disruptive language against the delegates, especially Madlela and other members of the central committee.
Madlela filed a copy of the constitution of ZAPU which stipulates under
clause 27B(ii)(a) that an offender who has been expelled shall be informed by
correspondence. By letter dated 31 December, 2001, filed of record Siwela was
advised of his expulsion from the party. The party also advised him that the party
would not field a candidate in the forth coming presidential elections but would
support the candidate of the Movement for Democratic Change “the MDC”.
The emergency people’s congress also suspended four members from the party
with immediate effect for what was described as their anti-ZAPU activities. The
members were Gorden Moyo, Stephen Nkomo, Jethro Mkwananzi and Gifton
Dumani.
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Siwela was asked not to represent ZAPU in any capacity whatsoever. He was
warned that failure to comply with the decision of the people’s congress would result
in legal action being taken against him.
After the alleged expulsion Siwela continued to behave as if he was
representing ZAPU or as if he was its spokesperson. He frequently appeared in the
print media especially the Bulawayo Chronicle being quoted as President of ZAPU
and made allegations which were likely to put ZAPU into disrepute. In the light of
that, the party addressed to Siwela yet another memorandum on 29 January 2002. Its
contents are quoted in extensio infra:
“MEMORANDUM
TO: PAUL SIWELA
FROM:A.H.S. MADLELA
DATE:29 JANUARY 2002
SUBJECT: SIWELA EXPULSION FROM ZAPU MEMBERSHIP
I refer to my memorandum of 31 December 2001 formerly informing you of the decision of the ZAPU emergency congress on 22 December 2001 expelling you from the membership of the party (ZAPU).
The party is therefore concerned that you are defiantly continuing to pretend that you are still not only a member but that you have also assumed the party presidency or its leadership. You are therefore performing these functions illegally and certainly illegitimately and you are called upon to desist these pretentions.
You are warned that legal action will be taken against your actions, it is, therefore, hoped that you will soon heed this warning.
A.H.S. MADLELA
ZAPU PRESIDENT”
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The emergency party congress which allegedly expelled Siwela and suspended
four others was attended by 250 delegates. The congress resolved not to field a
candidate in the coming presidential elections and agreed to support the candidate of
another political party with more support in the region. Siwela, who allegedly was not
in agreement with what the congress had resolved, walked out of the meeting with
about 20 delegates.
Siwela proceeded to another section of the same hotel where he purported to
convene a meeting of his own with a few delegates some of whom ended up being
suspended by the congress. At his meeting he seemed to have declared himself
president of that group and had through the press announced his intention to stand as a
candidate of ZAPU in the forth coming presidential elections. He had no mandate
from ZAPU to be its spokesperson, nor to stand as its presidential candidate since it
had resolved not to field any candidate. The party, however, made it clear that Siwela
was free to run for president as long as he did not associate himself in any manner
whatsoever with ZAPU.
Despite the above reminder and warning Siwela continued to receive frequent
coverage in the local press and further caused damage to ZAPU. He gave the
impression, through press reports, that the party was divided on whether to field a
candidate or not when such division did not exist. That being the case the party
decided to bring this application on a certificate of urgency because the Nomination
Court was going to sit the following day Thursday the 31st day of January 2002.
ZAPU had already resolved not to field any candidate for the presidential race.
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But Siwela had announced his intention to be a ZAPU candidate. So the party was
left with no choice but to seek to interdict him from using the party’s name and its
symbol/logo or flag. A provisional order was granted on 31 January 2002.
On the 8th day of February 2002 Siwela filed a counter urgent application
citing ZAPU, the Registrar General whom he called the Registrar of Votes and the
Government Printers Harare as respondents. The final order sought was as follows:
“(a) That Paul Siwela, be and is hereby declared the official candidate of the Zimbabwe African People’s Union (known as ZAPU) and thus be entitled to stand for the Office of President in the forth coming presidential elections and that he be accordingly permitted to use such emblems and in particular the logo of a black bull and to use the name of ZAPU.
(b) That the Registrar General is ordered to amend the papers already filed by Mr Paul Siwela as an independent candidate for the forthcoming presidential (sic) to reflect that he does so for the Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU) and to allow the said Mr Paul Siwela to use the logo of a black bull for that purpose.”
The application was filed on Friday 8 February 2002 in the afternoon. Since it
had come on a certificate of urgency I directed that it be served on all interested
parties and that the matter be urged before me on Tuesday 12 February 2002.
In his affidavit which was combined as an opposing and founding affidavit for
the counter application Siwela stated that he was still the secretary general of ZAPU
and Madlela was under suspension and was therefore no longer the party’s president.
To that extent, therefore, Madlela would have no right to institute legal proceedings in
the name of ZAPU. He had a right, however, to launch the court application in his
own name.
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Siwela alleged that Madlela had been suspended by the party on 22 December
2001 and would therefore have had no power to convene a meeting on 26 January
2002 when he was still under suspension. He claimed that that meeting was not a
proper one. It was his view that it could have been attended by only three people.
There were a number of apologies and yet there was no record of those who allegedly
attended the meeting. He claimed that some of the members listed under apologies in
fact did not support Madlela but supported him (Siwela) R. Mathe for instance voted
for the suspension of Madlela. Further he claimed that E. Njani was one of those who
supported his candidature for presidential elections.
I should pause here to observe that Siwela’s claims are not supported by any
evidence. He did not file supporting affidavits from any of those people he claims
supported him. All he could do was to file a letter by Mqondobanzi Magonya who
now lives in the United Kingdom. The letter is clearly not an affidavit and is hearsay.
It is inadmissible and should accordingly be regarded as having been expunged from
the record. He failed to file an affidavit from R. Mathe.
Elias Njani has denied ever supporting Siwela. In his affidavit he stated that
he was the Secretary for Economics in ZAPU. He did not attend the meeting of 22
December 2001 due to circumstances beyond his control. He was approached by
Siwela on 26 January 2002 at Esigodini who alleged that Madlela had been
suspended by the congress on 22 December 2001 and he (Siwela) had become the
president. Mr Njani could not dispute what he was told by Siwela since he did not
know at that stage what happened at the congress. Siwela asked Njani to assist him to
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get three names of party members to nominate him for the forthcoming presidential
election. Njani himself did not support Siwela but what he did was to find him the
names of three people who did.
Njani has since learnt of what took place at the congress of 22 December 2001
and he fully supports the resolutions passed by the congress in particular that ZAPU
would not field a presidential candidate as doing so would split the opposition. He
does not support the decision taken by Siwela instead he supports the decision to bring
him to court. In conclusion Njani said had Siwela been honest with him and told him
what had taken place at the congress he would not have assisted him in finding the
names of three people to nominate him. Quite clearly Siwela’s suggestion that Elias
Njani supported his candidature is false.
Siwela alleged in his affidavit that what Madlela and the congress purported to
do in terms of the ZAPU constitution was in fact a nullity. The reason being that the
said constitution filed of record by the applicant ZAPU was just a draft which had
never been ratified by the central committee. He then filed of record a copy of the
constitution which he claimed to be binding on ZAPU.
However, a close look at the two documents clearly reveals that in fact the
copy that he filed is just a draft and the one filed by ZAPU seems to be the final
document. His document is still written “DRAFT CONSTITUTION” while the one
produced by ZAPU reads “CONSTITUTION OF THE ZIMBABWE AFRICAN
PEOPLES’ UNION (ZAPU). It is therefore, simply not true to allege that the
constitution filed by ZAPU is still a draft which has not been ratified. Siwela’s
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statement is clearly misleading and must be rejected. I accordingly find that the
proper constitution was the one filed by ZAPU.
When dealing with the emergency people’s congress of 22 December 2001
Siwela claimed it was not a proper meeting because it was attended by people who
were not members who as such could not have been allowed to speak at the party
meeting. He alleged that Madlela had hired some drunken youths who were very
disruptive at the meeting as they booed down everyone except Madlela himself
resulting in him (Siwela) walking out of the meeting with just about 10 legitimate
members of the party. He then held a concurrent meeting with those members in
another section of the same hotel. He then claimed that these 10 or so people properly
nominated him as a presidential candidate. In the result he felt he was entitled to
represent ZAPU in the forthcoming presidential election and to utilise its logo and to
speak on its behalf. He however does not deny the meeting was attended by 250
people.
I will pause to observe once more that Siwela’s assertions on this point are not
supported at all. He filed no supporting affidavit from any of those alleged legitimate
members who attended his meeting. He alleged that the meeting authorised him to be
the spokesperson of the party. According to Elias Njani he even claimed that that
meeting had made him the president of ZAPU. Even if Madlela had been suspended
the deputy president of the party would have carried out the functions of the national
president not the general secretary. Siwela does not mention the deputy president at
all. The deputy president was not suspended by Siwela’s meeting so he should have
taken the functions of the alleged suspended president. Siwela was not entitled to
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assume the presidency of the party where there was a vice president.
The vice president of the party is one Malobele Smith Mbedzi. He filed an
affidavit deposing that he chaired the meeting of 26 January 2002. He endorsed the
decision made at that meeting. He went on to say that the congress held on 22
December 2001 had resolved not to field a party candidate for the presidential
election. Mbedzi emphasized that he had never at any stage supported Siwela’s
candidature and was against his decision to represent ZAPU.
Mbedzi said he also chaired the congress meeting. He fully endorsed the
minutes of the congress filed by ZAPU. He further averred that there was one
meeting held on 22 December 2001. As far as he was concerned the concurrent
meeting held by Siwela was not properly convened on behalf of ZAPU since he had
walked out of the properly convened meeting.
Five more senior members of ZAPU filed their affidavits whose contents are
to the same effect as Mbedzi’s averrments.
Siwela filed a document which purports to contain the minutes of the meeting
of 22 December 2001 at which Madlela was allegedly suspended. He claimed these
were the correct minutes of the meeting not the ones that were filed by the applicant.
He, however, is not supported by anybody. If what he says is true there is no good
reason why he could not file supporting affidavits from some senior members of the
party. ZAPU has filed affidavits from six senior members of the party endorsing that
the correct set of minutes is the one the party filed. In the result, I am persuaded to
agree that the correct minutes of what transpired on 22 December 2001 are those filed
by ZAPU. They are the minutes of the meeting that the party held on that day.
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In his counter application Siwela averred that his nomination as an
independent had been accepted to his prejudice since he was the legitimate candidate
of ZAPU. He therefore sought the Registrar General to amend the existing papers to
reflect his nomination as the candidate for ZAPU and to allow him to use its logo.
As against the Government Printer the idea was to prevent the necessity of
re-printing should the application be successful. He averred that the Government
Printer would start printing the necessary documents for the forthcoming Presidential
Elections on Monday 11 February 2002. He asserted that if urgent measures were not
taken the party and himself would be seriously prejudiced. He claimed that the party
had authorised him to represent it. It is noted that Siwela’s assertions are bald and
unsubstantiated. The assertions needed some support from some members of the
party who allegedly supported his story. Without that his claims are unacceptable
moreso when there is evidence to the contrary filed of record.
Siwela knew as far back as 31 January 2002 that the relevant documents
pertaining to the forthcoming elections were going to be printed but he did nothing
about the matter for a period of eight days before filing a counter application. The
printing has already started since it commenced on 11 February 2002 according to his
averrments. If he had seriously wanted the order he sought to be effected he would
have filed an urgent application without any culpable delay. In this case the delay is
culpable and unexplained.
Siwela complained that the applicant brought the application ex parte and
obtained a provisional order without affording him an opportunity to be heard. He
alleged that as late as the date he filed the counter application i.e. 8 February 2002 he
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had not been served with the provisional order. These assertions are without
foundation whatsoever.
Firstly there was proper service of the application after I had directed that it be
served on all interested parties. I also directed that the parties appear before me the
following day to argue the matter. It admits of no doubt that Siwela was aware of all
this. The directive was given on Wednesday 30 January 2002. He must have got
possession of the papers for the application that same day that is how he was able to
reproduce verbatim to the Chronicle Newspaper which carried out the story in its issue
of the next day 31 January 2002. Siwela should have either faxed or telephoned his
legal practitioners and given those details as he did with the press. But he chose to do
nothing about the matter until a provisional order was granted. Again no explanation
was given for failure to instruct a legal practitioner to appear on his behalf since he
himself was in Harare.
He also submitted that there were disputes of fact relating to the matter. Hence
there was no leeway for the court to adopt a robust and common sense approach to
resolve the matter on the papers. He was clearly blowing both hot and cold because
he himself brought the matter as an urgent one. My view is that the matter is capable
of being resolved on the papers.
Finally I need to determine who the legitimate representative of ZAPU is
between Madlela its president and Siwela its secretary general. Each party alleges the
other was expelled/suspended at a meeting of 22 December 2001. It is common
ground that Siwela walked out of the meeting with about 10 to 20 people from an
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attendance of 250. He then convened a concurrent meeting in another section of the
same hotel. Siwela alleged that at that meeting he was made representative and
spokesperson of the party. Then that meeting suspended the party’s president
Madlela.
On the other hand Madlela alleged that after Siwela had walked out of the
meeting with some members it was resolved to expel him (Siwela). While Siwela’s
allegations are unsupported those of Madlela are supported by averrments from six
senior ZAPU officials. These officials have never been suspended or expelled from
ZAPU. They all said Siwela was expelled and they support Madlela whom they
regard as the president of the party.
It is also inconceivable that in a democratic society a group of ten(10) to
twenty (20) out of a number of two hundred and fifty (250) people can be said to have
held a meeting at which a president of a party is suspended. I am persuaded to agree
with the senior officials of ZAPU who averred that Siwela was expelled after he had
walked out of the meeting. I also accept that Madlela is still the president of ZAPU.
His purported suspension from the party by Siwela’s camp which is unsubstantiated is
not safe to accept.
In limine the respondent submitted that the affidavits produced in reply to the
respondent’s opposition were inadmissible since they had been attested by a legal
practitioner who is a partner in the same firm as the applicant’s legal practitioner.
After hearing both counsel on that point I found that the attestation was improperly
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done and held the affidavits to be inadmissible. I felt that the point taken on the
affidavits did not affect the merits. The applicant was entitled to file affidavits in its
reply after the respondent had claimed to have the support of some senior members of
the party. I therefore felt that the improper attestation did not warrant a dismissal of
the application. To that extent, therefore, I ordered re-attestation. But I shall deprive
the applicant’s legal practitioners their costs relating to the affidavits.
In the light of the aforegoing the court issues the following order:
It is ordered that:
(1) The respondent be and is hereby permanently interdicted from representing applicant and using the name ZAPU in any manner whatsoever and the logo of a black bull in the forthcoming presidential elections to be held on 9 and 10 March 2002 with immediate effect.
(2) The respondent be and is hereby interdicted from speaking on behalf of the applicant to either the local or foreign press or media.
(3) The respondent pays the costs of this application excluding the costs for the replying affidavit and its supporting affidavits.
(4) The counter application by the respondent be and is hereby dismissed with costs.
Lazarus & Sarif, applicant’s legal practitioners
Editor Ngwenya & Partners, respondent’s legal practitioners
